what is parasitic nutrition? PARASITIC PLANTS AND THEIR NUTRITION.
As we learnt earlier that parasitism is an association in which an organism called the parasite though different from the partner called HOST but feeds directly off its host thereby causing harm to the host.
So without a host, there is no parasitism in place.
So if parasitic nutrition in animals involves two organisms of different species, then there is also what we call parasitic nutrition in plant, and plants are also living things.
So then what is parasitic nutrition in plants?
Parasitic nutrition in plants is a type of nutrition in plants in which a PRIMARY PLANT Lives on another secondary host for survival and feeding.
TYPES OF PARASITIC PLANTS
i. CASSYTHA FILIFORMIS (DODDER) Cassytha is a thin, thread-like stem which normally coils around the stem of another plant.
At intervals, Cassytha sends out suckers which grow through the stem of the host until it reaches the phloem tissue of the host from which it absorbs manufactured food from the host.
Cassytha is regarded as a complete parasite because it absorbs already-made food from its host.
Cassytha has no roots,
Cassytha has no chlorophyll hence it cannot manufacture its own food
ii. MISTLETOE: the Mistletoe is a type of parasitic plant commonly found growing on another plant, called the host. Mistletoe is photosynthetic which means it has green leaves and can synthesize its own food.
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22. SIMPLE FARM TOOLS
23. AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION
24. THE CONCEPT OF MECHANIZATION
iii. However it is described as a partial parasite because its roots only penetrate into the xylem tissues of the host where it only absorbs water to enable it to manufacture its own food through the process called photosynthesis.
PARASITIC PLANTS AND THEIR NUTRITION
As we learnt earlier that parasitism is an association in which an organism called the parasite though different from the partner called HOST but feeds directly off its host thereby causing harm to the host.
So without a host, there is no parasitism in place.
Most plants are autotrophs and produce their own carbon compounds through photosynthesis. Although some plants such as Indian pipe (Monotropa) lack chlorophyll and appear to be parasitic,
they are mycoheterotrophic (parasites of mycorrhizal fungi) and, hence, only indirectly parasitize the trees on which the mycorrhizal fungi are found.
Here we define a parasitic plant as an angiosperm (flowering plant) that directly attaches to another plant via a haustorium.
A haustorium is a specialized structure that forms a morphological and physiological link between the parasite and host (Figure 2) (Kuijt 1969, Yoshida et al. 2016).
It is useful to make a distinction between the terms “parasite” and “pathogen.” The parasite is from the Greek para (beside) and sites (grain or food) which literally means “beside the food”.
If a plant also induces disease symptoms in a host, then it is a pathogen as well as a parasite.
A general term that refers to both parasites and mycotrophs that derive carbon from sources other than their own photosynthesis is heterotrophic, which simply means “different feeding.”
So if parasitic nutrition in animals involves two organisms of different species, then there is also what we call parasitic nutrition in plants, and plants are also living things.
So then what is parasitic nutrition in plants?
Parasitic nutrition in plants is a type of nutrition in plants in which a PRIMARY PLANT Lives on another secondary host for survival and feeding.
TYPES OF PARASITIC PLANTS
iv. CASSYTHA FILIFORMIS (DODDER) Cassytha is a thin, thread-like stem which normally coils around the stem of another plant.
At intervals, Cassytha sends out suckers which grow through the stem of the host until it reaches the phloem tissue of the host from which it absorbs manufactured food from the host.
Cassytha is regarded as a complete parasite because it absorbs already-made food from its host.
Cassytha has no roots,
Cassytha has no chlorophyll hence it cannot manufacture its own food
v. MISTLETOE: the Mistletoe is a type of parasitic plant commonly found growing on another plant, called the host. Mistletoe is photosynthetic which means it has green leaves and can synthesize its own food.
vi. However it is described as a partial parasite because its roots only penetrate into the xylem tissues of the host where it only absorbs water to enable it to manufacture its own food through the process called photosynthesis.
Parasitic nutrition is a type of heterotrophic nutrition in which an organism, known as a parasite, derives its nutrients from another living organism, known as the host.
The parasite benefits from the relationship by obtaining nourishment, while the host is harmed in the process.
Parasites can be found in various forms across different biological kingdoms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms.
They have evolved specialized adaptations to exploit their hosts and acquire nutrients. Some examples of parasitic organisms include fleas, ticks, lice, leeches, tapeworms, and certain plants like mistletoe.
Parasites may obtain their nutrients from the host through different mechanisms.
Some parasites directly feed on the host\’s tissues or bodily fluids, while others absorb nutrients from the host\’s digestive system or bloodstream.
The relationship between the parasite and the host can range from mild harm to severe damage or even death for the host, depending on the parasite\’s nature and the intensity of the infestation.
It\’s important to note that parasitic nutrition is distinct from other types of nutrition, such as autotrophic nutrition (where organisms produce their own food through photosynthesis) and saprophytic nutrition (where organisms obtain nutrients from decaying organic matter).
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160. ROUND WORM OF PIGS
161. LIVER FLUKE
162. ECTO PARASITES
163. TICK
