classification of plant kingdom, this is plant division of living things, this group of living known as the Kingdom plantae has three main subdivision and they are
a. Thallophyta (e.g. green, brown and red algae)
b. Bryophyta e.g. liverworts and mosses
c. Tracheophyta that is vascular plants
Thalophyta types of Plant
This group can be further be divided into three main class
1. Rhodophyta that is red algae
2. Chlorophyta that is green algae
3. Phaecophyta which is red algae
CHARACTERISTICS OF THALOPHYTA GROUP OF PLANTS
I. These are simple microscopic plants
II. Some are unicellular e.g. Chlamydomonas while others are multi-cellular like spirogyra
III. They are simple aquatic plants
IV. They have no true roots
V. They have no true stem
VI. They have no real leaves
VII. They have cellular cell wall
VIII. Algae are mainly autotrophic plants
IX. They synthesize their own food
X. Algae are filamentous and the cells are not differentiated into tissue
XI. They have no specialized reproductive organs but can exhibit both sexual and asexual means of reproduction
XII. Examples are the free single living Algae like Chlamydomonas. these characteristics are what differentiate Thalophyta in the classification of plant kingdom
CHARACTERISTICS OF BRYOPHYTA
i. They are complex, multi-cellular green plants
ii. The cells are differentiated into tissues
iii. They lack true roots, leaves and stems
iv. They are non-vascular plants
v. They are mostly found growing in moist places
vi. Bryophytes can be aquatic or terrestrial
vii. They exhibit asexual reproduction by spores and sexually by gametes
viii. Examples are mosses and liverworts
TRACHEOPHYTA classification of plant kingdom
This division is made up of vascular plants and are grouped into two sub-division
1. Pteridophyta
2. Spermatophyta
CHARACTERISTICS OF PTERIDOPHYTA
i. They are multi-cellular and vascular green plants
ii. They are non-flowering plants
iii. They have no true roots, leaves and stems
iv. They are mainly terrestrial plants while a few of them are aquatic
v. They are non-seed producing plants
vi. They reproduce sexually by spores
vii. Example is fern
SPERMATOPHYTA
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPERMATOPHYTA
i. They are multi-cellular, seed producing flowering plants
ii. They are vascular plants and have well developed vascular tissues
iii. They have true roots, leaves and stem
iv. They reproduce sexually and do not need water for reproduction
v. They are mainly terrestrial green plants
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPERMATOPHYTES AND BRYOPHYTES
- Vascular bundle present vascular bundle absent
- Stems are present stems are absent
- They have true leaves no true leaves or stems
- They reproduce by flower they reproduce through spores
- They have well developed roots they Rhizoids
Further, spermatophytes can be divided into two main class in the classification of plant kingdom. These are
a. Gymnosperm
b. Angiosperm
Characteristics of Gymnosperm
i. These are plants with naked seeds
ii. They do not bear flowers
iii. They have true roots
iv. The seeds are borne on special nobs called cones
v. They are vascular green plants
vi. Examples are pine, cycads, gingkos and conifers
Characteristics of Angiosperm in classification of plant kingdom
i. They are the most complex green flowering plants
ii. They are vascular plants
iii. They have well developed and complete flowers
iv. They are seed plants with seeds enclosed in the fruits
v. They are mainly terrestrial plants
vi. They show up more sophisticated or specialized reproductive mechanism involving pollination and fertilization
Difference between Gymnosperm and Angiosperm
Gymnosperm Angiosperm
i. Don’t bears seeds bear seeds
ii. Seed are naked seeds are enclosed
iii. Seed borne on cones seeds develop from ovules
DIVISIONS OF ANGIOSPERM
Angiosperm can be sub-divided into two main classes according to their number of seed leave known as cotyledons,
These are dicotyledonous plants and Monocotyledonous plants
- PROCESSES IN COCOA CULTIVATION
Characteristics of dicotyledonous plants in classification of plant kingdom
i. They bear two seed leaves at germination known as cotyledon
ii. The vascular bundles of each stem are arranged in a regular pattern
iii. The floral parts exists in two groups of four or five
iv. They leaves have veins arranged in a branched network
v. They have taproot systems
vi. The usually undergoes secondary growth
vii. Examples are mango, orange and groundnut
Characteristics of monocotyledonous plants
classification of plant kingdom. They have only one seed leaf during germination called cotyledon
ii. The vascular bundles of the stem are scattered
iii. The leaves have veins running into one another
iv. They have fibrous root system
v. They do not undergo secondary growth
vi. Examples are rice, maize, millet, palm tree and guinea grass
Difference between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants
MONOCOT DICOT
1. They possess one seed leaf they have two seed leaves (cotyledon)
2. Scattered vascular bundle vascular bundle arranged in patterns
3. Fibrous root system taproot system
4. Hypogeal germination epigeal germination
5. Floral parts in groups of threes floral parts exist in group of fours
6. They possess parallel venation they possess net venation
7. Ring of vascular bundle presence of Xylem in stem Centre
8. Do not undergo secondary growth they undergo secondary growth
A typical Angiosperm whether dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous plants has four major parts.
They are listed as follows
FLOWERS
FUNCTION OF THE FLOWERS
I. FLOWERS are responsible for reproduction
How the leaves of various plant type affect the classification of plant kingdom
FUNCTIONS OF THE LEAVES
i. The leaves are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis
ii. It aids excretion
iii. Used for transpiration
iv. Used for respiratory process
IMPORTANCE OF STEM IN PLANT KINGDOM
FUNCTIONS OF STEM
i. It gives support to plants
ii. It holds the leaves in best position to receive sunlight
iii. It conducts water and helps in transporting mineral salts from the roots to the leaves
iv. The stem helps in transporting manufactured from the leaves to other parts of the body
v. The stem helps to hold the flowers in the best place for pollination to take place
vi. Some parts of the stem can also manufacture food
Roots of Plants
FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT KINGDOM
1. The root holds the plants firmly to the ground
2. The roots absorbs water and mineral salts from the ground through a process called osmosis
3. The roots of some typical plants stores food like cassava and sweet potato
4. It aids respiration in some aerial plants
THE MODIFICATION OF LEAVES IN PLANT KINGDOM
The leaves of some plants are modified for various purposes and the purposes are as follows
1. FOR FOOD: for storage e.g. onion, Garlic,
2. LEAF TENDRILS: e.g. Gloriosa
3. LEAF SPINES: e.g. Cactus, Opuntial and Euphorbia
4. LEAFHOOKS: e.g. Bignonia
5. VEGETATTIVE PROPERGATION: e.g. Bryophyllum
6. ANIMAL TRAPS: e.g. Venus flytrap, Nepenthes or pitcher plants, Uticalaria Bladderworts, Sundews, Butterwort, Pinguicula
7. PROTECTIVE SCALE LEAVES: e.g. Onions, Shallots canna.
don’t forget to use the comment box and leave a message or suggestion and we will get back to you within seconds.
You can read some of most interesting topics below
