TYPES OF LIVESTOCK FEEDS, CONCENTRATES, ROUGHAGES FOR animal husbandry before i delve into this topic properly, let\’s see what -agriculture taught about types of feeds and i quote \”Feed, also called animal feed, food grown or developed for livestock and poultry.
LIVESTOCK FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
Modern feeds are produced by carefully selecting and blending ingredients to provide highly nutritional diets that both maintain the health of the animals and increase the quality of such end products as meat, milk–milking machine, or eggs you can read some of the links on this page for more insight on this very topic here.
Modern feeds are produced by carefully selecting and blending ingredients to provide highly nutritional diets that both maintain the health of the animals and increase the quality of such end products as meat, milk–milking machine, or eggs, so you can read here, a detailed balanced diet article . Ongoing improvements in animal diets have resulted from research, experimentation, and chemical analysis by agricultural scientists.
Animals in general require the same nutrients or types of livestock feeds and concentrates as humans.
Some feeds, such as pasture grasses, hay and silage crops, and certain cereal grains, are grown specifically for animals. Other feeds, such as sugar beet pulp, brewers’ grains, and pineapple bran, are by-products that remain after a food crop has been processed for human use. S![\"types](\"https://fabioclass.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/groundnutimage.jpg\")
urplus food crops, such as wheat, other cereals, fruits, vegetables, and roots, may also be fed to animals.
TYPES OF LIVESTOCK FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES AND BRIEF HISTORY
History does not record when dried roughage or other stored feeds were first given to animals. Most early records refer to nomadic peoples who, with their herds and flocks, followed the natural feed supplies. When animals were domesticated and used for work in crop production, some of the residues were doubtless fed to them\”. so below you will find my total analysis of feeds, roughage, vitamins, fodders and concentrates TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
Types of Livestock Feeds for animal husbandry
Generally, feeds may be classified into:
(a) Concentrates
(b) Succulents
(c) Roughages
(d) Supplements and additives. TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
what are Concentrates
These are made up of:
1. Cereals such as maize, rice, millet, sorghum, etc. These are also referred to as basal feeds or energy concentrates. Leguminous seeds such as groundnut cake, soya beans cake, and others such as palm kernel cake, and cotton seed cake. These are plant protein concentrates 3. Fish meal and blood meal. These are animal protein concentrates.
Concentrates are easily digested by farm animals.
What are Succulent types of livestock Feeds
These consist of:
1. Roots and tubers such as yam cassava, coco-yam, etc
2. Vegetables such as water leaf and shoko
3. forages such as pasture grasses
4. silage made from green fresh grass
5. Cane molasses mainly from sugar cane
Succulent feeds are very high in water and are easily digested-digestion by the animals. Most green crops can be used as succulent feeds when they are young. TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
WHAT ARE ROUGHAGES
These consist of dry grasses which usually add bulk to animal feeds. Examples are Hay, Straw.
Hay: This is grass cut. dried and preserved for animals future use.
Roughage, also known as fiber food, is an indigestible compound that your body can\’t absorb. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes. A high-fiber diet has many advantages, including bowel regularity and decreased risk of developing constipation, high blood pressure and diabetes.
TYPES OF LIVESTOCK FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES AND THEIR BENEFITS
One of the main benefits of eating roughage is that it helps to regulate your digestion. Insoluble fiber provides bulk in your intestines and helps to keep food moving through the digestive tract.
Insoluble fiber absorbs water and swells into a gel that helps to keep bowel movements soft and easy to pass through elementary canal. These attributes of fiber give it the ability to help relieve and prevent both constipation and diarrhea.
Like seriously, always make sure to drink plenty of water when increasing your fiber intake to avoid the fiber becoming hard and dry in your digestive tract. TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
4.
Supplements and Additives types of livestock feeds
Feed supplements are added to the main feed to supply one or more nutrients which might be lacking in the main feed. The following could serve as feed supplements:
- Cotton seed cake
- Soya bean meal
- Groundnut cake
- Fish meal
- Bone meal
- Egg shell meal
- Oyster shell meal
- Salt-licks types of livestock feeds
- Limestone
- Vitamins. read here for deficiency symptoms of vitamins
TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
The feed additives include:
- Antibiotics
- Amino acids
- Hormones and so on.
These help to stabilize the feeds as well as improve on the quality and storability of the feeds.
TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
livestock Feeds Nutrients
Many elements in varying combinations make up feed nutrients. These elements include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, iodine, nitrogen, sulphur, calcium, iron, cobalt, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, copper, Florine, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, selenium and caromium.
TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES AND WHAT THEY CONTAIN
Based on the nutrients they supply the nutrients in animal feeds can be classified into six groups, Carbohydrate types of livestock feeds
Supplying energy, e.g cereals, roots and tubers, etc Proteins Needed for growth and repair of worn-out tissues, e.g legumes such as soya bean, cotton seed, groundnut cakes, etc Fats Supplying energy and keeping the body temperature under control e.g. milk, coconuts, tubers, etc
4. Minerals
They help to carry out vital body functions. Examples are calcium, iron, iodine, potassium, sodium and so on.
5.
Vitamins
They help to keep the animal healthy. examples are vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K Water;
This is a constituent of body fluid. It helps to regular body temperature, lubricate joints, read transport body materials and break down (digestion) food For farmers, the inclusion of the proper vitamins are not just a production issue.
Along with decreased production, the deficiency of necessary vitamins can also lead to abnormal growth in animals, which decreases the animal’s productivity and life span, as well as its appeal to consumers. As animal welfare becomes a more important issue with animal protein buyers, the inclusion of necessary vitamin supplements in animal feed should be more important for farmers looking to maximize their animal production.
TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
Types of Ration
Rations are classified according to the purpose they serve in the animal\’s body. They include in:
1. Maintenance Ration This is the food given to animals to keep their life – weight constant. The ration is so formulated as to enable the animal to carry on its metabolic activities like respiration, digestion, blood circulation treatment and sleeping ration.
Balanced Ration
Ration supplied over and above that is needed for maintenance purposes. The ration is specially formulated for the following purposes: reproduction, work, fattening and so on. An example is layers of mash in poultry.
TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
Balanced Ration
This is the ratio that contains all the essential nutrients needed by the body in the correct proportion. The composition of a balanced ration includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins well as water.
1. Ration types of livestock feeds
A ration is the quantity and quality of feed given to a farm animal. A balanced ration diet contains all the essential nutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fats, minerals and vitamins) in the correct proportions and quantities necessary for growth and development. There are two types of rations given to farm animals. These are as follows
Maintenance ration
This is the best amount of feed an animal needs to allow it to maintain its body mass and composition which is very necessary for body repairs, without any weight loss or gain. It does not provide enough energy or nutrients for the animal to do work.
2. Production ratio.
This is the extra amount of feed an animal needs above the maintenance ration so that the animal can do work and produce products such as milk, meat, eggs, hides, skins and offspring.
TYPES OF FEEDS, CONCENTRATES AND ROUGHAGES
Malnutrition:
Malnutrition results when a ration does not provide all the essential food nutrients in the correct proportion. That is both in quality and quantity. This could result if the food In the animal is very low in calorific value and as a result, only little energy is supplied. This condition is called marasmus.
Alternatively, the foot may be very rich in one nutrient such as carbohydrates and poor in others such as minerals, proteins and vitamins.
Malnutrition
, as in improper feeding, results in nutrient deficiency diseases such as rickets (poor formation of limbs) and ketosis (low level of blood glucose). Malnutrition may lead to:
(i) retarded growth in the a
(ii) low production
(iii) physical deformities
(iv) ill-health
(v) death.
ROUGHAGES
Forage
Forage is plant crops that is generally grown in a particular area or field with the intention of having it grazed by various livestock. types of livestock feeds
The crop plants usually grown for this purpose are of legumes, grasses, corn, oats, elephant grass, millet, and other edible plants. The act of eating or grazing upon plant matter is known as foraging.
Fodder
Fodder is another type of animal feed, is used primarily to feed domesticated livestock such as goats, sheep, cattle, horses and pigs. It is mainly comprised of plant matter like hay, straw and grains. The term fodder is used to describe these plants that are given to the animals after the plants have been harvested, which definitely the opposite of forage, as I explained up there
Meat and bone meals are occasionally mixed into fodder, which has been frequently blamed for the spread of mad cow disease and has been banned in many countries as suggested by a lot of researchers
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