soil and types of rock. types of rock and rock formation. what is soil and soil formation? :
the uppermost part of the earth what is soil and soil formation? Meaning of soil: the uppermost part of the earth. what is soil and soil formation?
Rocks are naturally occurring solid materials composed of minerals. They are the fundamental building blocks of the Earth\’s crust and are found in various shapes, sizes, and colours.
Rocks are classified into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Igneous Rocks: These rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. When magma cools underground, it forms intrusive igneous rocks like granite.
On the other hand, when lava cools on the Earth\’s surface, it forms extrusive igneous rocks like basalt.
Sedimentary Rocks: These rocks are formed by the deposition and compaction of sediments over time. Sediments can include rock fragments, minerals, organic matter, and even the remains of plants and animals.
Examples of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale.
Metamorphic Rocks: Metamorphic rocks are formed when pre-existing rocks, either igneous or sedimentary, undergo changes due to high heat, pressure, or chemical reactions deep within the Earth\’s crust.
These changes transform the original rock into a new type of rock with different physical and chemical properties. Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble, slate, and gneiss.
Rocks play a crucial role in Earth\’s geology and provide valuable insights into the history and processes of our planet.
They are used in various applications, including construction, sculpture, and as a source of valuable minerals. Additionally, studying rocks helps geologists understand Earth\’s past and provides clues about the formation of landscapes, fossils, and natural resources.
definition of soil
Meaning of soil: soil is the uppermost part of the earth that supports plants growth. It is a mixture of mineral matter from weathered rocks, organic matter, water, air and some living organism.
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GROUPS OF ROCK AND TYPES OF ROCK IN SOIL FORMATION
There are three major groups of rocks based and grouped according to how they were formed. with this in mind, i can categorically say that there are three groups of rocks are
- Igneous rock
- metamorphic rock and
- Sedimentary rock
each group of rock has so many types of rock classified under it. so let\’s look at these groups of rock and their types
HOW IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FORMED:
igneous rock is formed as a result of the cooling down and solidification of molten magma beneath the earth’s crust.
TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK
Examples are Basalt and granites
FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK AND COMPOSITION AND SOIL FORMATION:
Sedimentary rock is formed as a result of sedimentation and cementation of the deposited materials such as rock fragments, shells and others in an environment.
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK
Examples are limestone, sandstone and gypsum
HOW METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE FORMED:
this is formed when Igneous or sedimentary rock or both are subjected to heat action and pressure. This causes changes in the original structure.
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK
Examples are Marble from limestone, gneiss from granite and quartzite from sandstone.
Process of soil formation from rock
the soil is formed through a process called weathering. here, weathering means the breaking down of parent materials or rocks into smaller pieces. so the soil is a by-product of rocks being broken into smaller fragments.
1. Rock is the primary material from which soil is formed
2. It supports the absorption of weights on the earth\’s crust
3. It provides materials for road construction
4. It provides mineral nutrients for the growth of plants
5. Some rock are used in the manufacture of fertilizer and lime
6. It is a source of income for quarry industries
7. Rocks can be used to control gully erosion
8. Rocks (Gypsum) are used in the manufacture of cement
9. Rocks are used in the construction of buildings
10. Some rocks such as granite are used as grinding stones
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