list of pre-planting

list of pre-planting and post-planting operations,  PLANTING AND POST PLANTING OPERATIONS IN CROP PRODUCTION
EFFECTIVE CULTURAL PRACTICES IN CROP PRODUCTION

(1)     Transplanting
(i)     The transfer of seedlings from nursery beds to their permanent positions in the field.
(ii)     The tools used for transplanting are hand trowel, digger, hoe or cutlass.

the following is a list of pre-planting operations (iii) Plant is removed with a ball of soil around its roots.,,,,,pre-planting and post-planting operation in numbers. read on to find out
(iv)     Mostly done in cool weather, in the morning or evening times.
(v)     Transplants require shading to reduce wilting.

(vi)     Soil around roots at permanent sites is firmed to eliminate air pockets for good root establishment.
(vii)     Watering is done morning and evening.
(viii)     Mulch after transplanting to reduce evapo-transpiration.

(ix)     Usually done at the early stages of development of the crop plant, long before maturity.
(x)     Weak or diseased seedlings should not be transplanted.

SOME LIST OF pre-planting and post-planting operations IN CROP PRODUCTION

(2)     Shading which is among the list of pre-planting operation
(i)     Art of erecting cover above seedlings.

(ii)      Protects seedlings from harsh external environmental conditions e.g. sun and rain drops. Reduces evapotranspiration.

Shades are progressively removed until they are finally dispensed with.
Materials used for shading include palm fronds, tall grasses and tarpaulins.

3.    Supplying / filling-in
(i)    The replacement of seeds that fail to germinate or seedling that dies
(ii)    It is earned out to maintain desired plant population.

(iii)    Usually done by transplanting new seedlings or planting new seeds in the site for the ungerminated seed.
(iv)     It is usually manually done.
(v)     Done within 2 weeks of 1st planting to obtain uniformity in growth (growth uniformity).

(4)     Nursery is among the list of pre-planting operation
(i)     Nursery can be practised in poly pots, seed boxes and beds.
(ii)     Seeds which are smaller and delicate or plants which are delicate while young require pre-planting sites known as nurseries

(in)     Is meant to have seedlings become adjusted to the harsh environment
(iv)     Nursery sites should have good topsoil with good drainage
(v)     Seeds are mostly broadcast or drilled and lightly covered with soil.

(vi)   under pre-planting and post-planting operations Watering is done with a fine rose watering can
All seed boxes, beds, and drills must be properly labelled Nurseries are usually shaded
Usually enclosed or fenced under a list of pre-planting and post-planting practices

Weeding, pest and disease control and application of fertilizer are usually practised in the nursery

(5)     Seed rate: Seed rate refers to the quantity of seeds required to plant one hectare of land. The quantity of seeds used usually depends on the spacing or plant population desired. (e.g. the seed rate of maize is 25 —30 kg/ hectare).

(6)     Thinning: Thinning is the removal of weak plants from a stand, to give rise to one or two vigorous crop plants. It is usually done by hand and practised when the crop plants are very young.

(7)     Weeding: This is the removal of unwanted plants which grow among cultivated crops is a list of pre-planting operations.

Weeding is done regularly on farmlands in order to prevent competition with crops for space, sunlight, nutrients, soil moisture, soil oxygen, etc.

Weeding can be done manually by hoeing, cutlass, etc or chemically with the use of specific herbicides, or mechanically with the machine. check out types of weed control here

(8)     Mulching: Mulching is the covering of heaps or ridges with dry leaves to reduce soil temperature, conserve soil moisture and prevent the rotting of some• crop plants, e.g. yam setts. more about mulching here

the list of pre-planting operations on this post is not limited to these alone

(9)    Spacing: Spacing refers to the distance within and between crop plants in farmland. This ensures a greater yield of crops and prevents overcrowding. and easy ventilation within and between rows of crop plants

For example, the spacing for maize could be 90 cm x 30 cm at one seed per hole or 75cm x 25cm at two seeds per hole.

(1))    Staking: Staking is the act of providing stakes or certain plants or wood to enable the crop plants to stand erect and prevent lodging. Stems are tied or trained to the stakes.

Staking allows for good fruiting and keeps fruits from disease attacks arising from contact with soil. Staking is usually done before flowering. Examples of crop plants that require staking are tomato and yam.

(11)     Pruning: Pruning is the removal of lower branches of crop plants using a sharp cutlass. and it\’s among the list of pre-planting operations. Pruning encourages better canopy formation, more light penetration and improved air movement.

Examples of crops that usually require pruning are cocoa, oil palm, rubber, orange, mango, etc.

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