DEFINITION AND FEATURES OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT. Development is a continuous process, and it has been an integral part of human civilization since time immemorial. From the discovery of fire to the invention of the internet, humans have always been striving to make their lives better through development. However, development is not an easy process, and it is often plagued by various challenges and obstacles. One such challenge is the problem of underdevelopment. Underdevelopment is a situation where a country or region is lagging behind in terms of economic, social, and political development. In this blog post, we will explore the concept of underdevelopment, its causes, and its impact on society.
Understanding Underdevelopment
Underdevelopment is a complex concept that has been defined in various ways. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), underdevelopment is a situation where a country or region has low levels of economic, social, and human development. In simple terms, underdevelopment is a state of poverty, backwardness, and deprivation. It is characterized by a lack of access to basic necessities such as food, water, and healthcare, as well as limited opportunities for education, employment, and social mobility.
Underdevelopment is often associated with developing countries, particularly those in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. However, underdevelopment is not limited to these regions alone. Developed countries can also experience underdevelopment, particularly in areas such as rural and inner-city communities. Underdevelopment is a multi-dimensional concept that encompasses various aspects of life, including economic, social, political, and environmental factors.
Causes of Underdevelopment
The causes of underdevelopment are numerous and complex. In general, underdevelopment is the result of a combination of historical, political, and economic factors. Some of the main causes of underdevelopment are:
- Colonialism: Many developing countries were colonized by European powers in the past, and this had a profound impact on their development. Colonialism resulted in the exploitation of natural resources and the suppression of local cultures and economies, leading to the underdevelopment of these countries.
- Lack of Infrastructure: Infrastructure is a crucial element of development, as it provides the necessary framework for economic growth and social development. However, many developing countries lack adequate infrastructure, including roads, power, and water supply, which hinders their development.
- Political Instability: Political instability is a major obstacle to development, as it creates an uncertain and unpredictable environment for investment and economic growth. Many developing countries suffer from political instability, which leads to a lack of investment and economic growth.
- Poverty: Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of underdevelopment. Poverty limits access to basic necessities such as food, water, and healthcare, which hinders the development of individuals and communities.
- Corruption: Corruption is a major obstacle to development, as it diverts resources away from development projects and into the hands of corrupt officials. Corruption also undermines the rule of law and erodes public trust in government, which hinders economic growth and social development.
Impact of Underdevelopment
Underdevelopment has a profound impact on society, particularly in developing countries. Some of the main impacts of underdevelopment are:
- Poverty: Underdevelopment often results in poverty, which is a major obstacle to development. Poverty limits access to basic necessities such as food, water, and healthcare, which hinders the development of individuals and communities.
- Lack of Education: Underdevelopment often results in a lack of access to education, which hinders social mobility and economic growth. Without education, individuals are unable to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary for economic growth and social development.
- Health Issues: Underdevelopment often results in a lack of access to healthcare, which leads to the spread of diseases and illnesses. This can have a profound impact on individuals and communities, leading to premature death and reduced quality of
Definition of underdevelopment: A nation is regarded as being underdeveloped or developing when it lacks the human and material resources used in improving the quality of human and material resources used in improving the quality of human lives and this leads to a low level of living. In other words, underdeveloped or developing nations refer to economies that have not reached a certain level of development and improvement.
Features or characteristics of an underdeveloped economy or country
Reasons, why many African countries or economies are referred to as underdeveloped or developing, are due to the following characteristics.
- Dependence on agriculture: The majority of these underdeveloped nations depend mainly on agriculture as a source of income. Agriculture in this case, also constitutes the greatest employer of labour.
- : Most of these developing nations? depend greatly on foreign countries for their survival.
- Low savings and investment: Labour receives low income and this reduces or leads to low savings investments.
- Population explosion: Underdeveloped countries do witness high birth rate leading to population explosion.
- Low per capita income: The per capita income in all underdeveloped economies is generally low
Low standard of living: The standard of living in these countries is generally low.
s Medical facilities are also grossly inadequate in underdeveloped countries.
Low rate of economic growth: The rate of growth of the economy is generally very low.
High death rate: There is usually a high death rate due to lack of medical facilities.
Inadequate infrastructural facilities: Infrastructural facilities like roads, water and electricity are grossly inadequate.
- Low level of industrialisation: The level of industrial growth is equally very low.
- High level of illiteracy: There is a high level of illiteracy in underdeveloped nations.
- High rate of importation: Citizens in these countries have a high appetite for imported products.
- High level of unemployment: There is a high level of unemployment in many underdeveloped nations
- Use of crude technology: There is the use of crude technology, which gives rise to low productivity.
- Dual economy: There is sharp contrast and a wide gap between the rich and the poor in the economy of underdeveloped countries.
- Rural settlements: The majority of the inhabitants are based in rural areas.
- factors affecting the expansion of industries
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- 3. getting mineral resources and the mining industries
- demand and supply
- types of demand curve and used
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- factors of production
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- RINDER PESTS
148. NEWCASTLE DISEASE
149. BACTERIA DISEASES
150. ANTHRAX
151. BRUCELLOSIS
152. TUBERCULOSIS
153. FUNGAL DISEASES
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