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what is soil temperature and importance of soil temperature. What is soil temperature and how temperature affect agricultural production

The nature of soil temperature

Soil temperature can be defined as the temperature within the soil
In other words what temperature can also be known as the temperature at is different from the atmospheric temperature which is above the soil so sorry temperature is usually the temperature degree that is affected or that is felt within the soil or in the soil

General importance of soil temperature to crop growth and production in agricultural science
Underlisted are some of the importance of soil temperature to crop
Soil temperature determines the rate of formation and decomposition of soil organic matter
Low temperature causes a decrease in metabolic activity and reduction in enzymatic reactions in plants
Extreme temperatures will impede the activities of microorganisms present in the soil
Temperature affect the level of soil moisture thereby decreasing the productivity of the soil
The rate of temperature affecting the soil will also affect its capacity to absorb water and nutrients by root crops

Optimum temperatures promote seed germination

Appropriate temperatures also promotes the sustainable development fruits
Temperature is most often determines the population of soil microbes
Temperature often determine the maturity and ripening of fruits
Optimum temperatures promote the activities of soil microorganisms like
A higher temperature will always cause wilting of fruits and leaves
High temperature leads to loss of soil nutrients through volatilization
High temperature may be harmful to crops by causing premature dropping of fruits

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1.     economic tools for nation building
2.  
3. f
4. entrepreneur
5. joint stock company

1. 153. FUNGAL DISEASES

PROTOZOAN DISEASES
155. TRYPONOSOMIASIS

1. Provision of food: Agriculture provides food such as maize, rice, yam, meat, milk and egg for human consumption, either in fresh or processed form.
2.         Provision of materials for clothing: Agriculture provides fibre and cotton for textile production. It also provides hides and skin for clothing, shoes, belts, caps and bags.
3.         Employment for the working population: Agriculture and other agro-based industries provide employment opportunities for 60-70% of the population.
4.         Source of foreign exchange: Through the export of agricultural produce like cocoa, kola, groundnut, palm produce, cotton a nation is able to earn foreign exchange.
5.         Generation of income: Sale of crops and their products, animals and their products provide income for farmers.
6.         Provision of materials for shelter: Agriculture provides materials essential for building, such as poles, doors, windows, roofs and materials required for furniture, such as chairs, tables and beds.
7.         Development of towns: Development occurs where commercial agriculture exists, as social amenities like electricity, pipe borne water and roads will be provided.
8.         Provision of facilities for recreation and tourism: Agriculture leads to the establishment of game reserves as well as the provision of horses for horse-racing and polo.
9.         Provision of market for industrial goods: Agriculture provides market for industrial products such as farm machinery, chemical, fertilizers, processing and storage facilities.
10.      Provision of raw materials for industries: Agriculture supplies several industries with raw materials for their continuous existence. Industries which depend on agriculture for their raw materials are called agro-based industries. For examples, the beverages industry depend on cocoa for the production of several food drinks such as Bournvita, Pronto and Ovaltine; Spinning, weaving and other textile industries depend directly on wool and cotton for the production of clothing materials. 

14.6 CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE TO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA.

1.         Provision of food: Agriculture provides Nigerians with food and an increase in food availability means increase in the well-being of the citizens.
2.         Provision of raw materials: The industrial sector depends on agriculture for many of its raw materials, e.g. sugar cane, cocoa, palm produce and cotton.
3.         Revenue for farmers and government: Agriculture provides revenue for farmers and government of Nigeria
4.         Provision of employment: Agriculture provides employment to many Nigerians who otherwise would have been jobless
5.         Provision of foreign exchange: Agricultural produce, e.g. cotton, rubber and cocoa earn foreign exchange for the country.
6.         Provision of market for industrial goods: Agriculture provides a market for industrial output or goods as farmers purchase industrial goods e.g. hoe, cutlass, tractors and fertilizers for use.

14.7     ACTIVITIES OF THE MARKETING BOARDS IN NIGERIA OR POLICIES

Read this in chapter 31 units 31.10 of this book.

14.8     SOME GOVERNMENTAL AGRICULTURAL REFORMS

Read this in chapter 31 units 31.7 – 31.6 of this book.