weed control methods. why should we control the growth in and around the farm of at home around our environment? There are several methods used in weed control. mechanical or physical method of weed control. list of weeds
Explain the meaning of weeds.
any plant or crops growing in a place that it is not wanted is called a weed. carefully read down and you will find out the following
Identify common weed types.
Explain the harmful effects of weeds on crop plants
Enumerate various methods of controlling weeds.
There are several methods used in weed control.
They can BE classified into:
(a) Mechanical or physical method.
(b) Cultural method.
(c) Biological method.
(d) Chemical method.
(a) Mechanical or physical method
1. Explain the meaning of weeds.
2. Identify common weed types.
3. Explain the harmful effects of weeds on crop plants
4. Enumerate various methods of controlling weeds.
(i) Hand pulling: 1 This is the pulling of weeds by hand in the farm. Though it is efficient, but only useful in small gardens and not large farms.
get a full list of botanical names of weeds here
WEEDS CONTROL METHODS
(ii) Hoeing: The short or small hoe is very useful in weeding. check out comprehensive function of a hoe It is used to cut the weed below the crown of the plant which gives, complete destruction of the shoot system.
It is effective in the Weed control methods control of weeds either in pasture, home garden or row crops. Hoe can be used to weed from the furrow to the top of a ridge. Its use is however on a limited and it requires plenty of labour.
Weed control methods
(iii) Mowing: This method helps to prevent seed production in till of weeds. It removes all unsightly weed growth especially where weeds are too much for effective cultivation to take place.
The method can be used to control weeds in lawns, plantation or fields. The mower is normally attached to a tractor or pulled by hand to move over the area to be cleared.
(iv) Flooding in Weed control methods: This is done by keeping the area to be weeded Hooded up to 20 cm of water for 3 to 8 weeks. This practice kill, the weeds because they can no longer receive air for respiration.
(v) Heat treatment: Heal can be used in controlling weeds. For instance nursery soil is sterilized to kill all weed parts and seeds. Fire ran be used to burn dry weeds on cultivated land before cultivation starts. Weed control methods.
you can read my post on cultural methods of weed control
(vi) Smothering with non-Living materials: Weeds can be Followed by the use of mulch materials such, as papers, hulls from rice, manure, plastic materials or cellophane. These materials help to exclude sunlight and prevent shoot growth. The weeds then become etiolated (lose chlorophyll) and die off.
(vii) Culural method: This involves the use of cultural practices of crop production to reduce the growth of weeds on the farm. Such cultural practices include
Weed control methods
i. Burning of farmland: This kills weed parts, seeds and fruits both in the soil and on the surface.
ii. Tillage: Tillage helps to expose weed parts for destruction by sun or herbicides. They can also be hand picked and destroyed.
iii. Early planting: This ensures that crops are well established before the weeds start growing.
iv. Good spacing: Proper spacing of crops helps in the reduction of weeds along the crop rows. It also makes it easy for weeding to he done.
v. Mixed cropping: Planting or two or more crops, together oil the same farmland can help to reduce the intensity of weeds on the farm
Biological method
This involves the use of living plants and animals to control weeds. They include:
(i) Use of suppressive plants: Crops that grow fast and large too can be used to overshadow weeds thereby reducing their growth, Also, cover crops such as melon and legumes like groundnut can be used to control weeds on the farm.
(ii) Use of insects: This involves the use of identified insect pests weeds in controlling weeds on the farm. Insects which have been found to feed on a particular weed can be multiplied and introduced to the area to feed and destroy such weed species.
(iii) Pasturing: This involves the grazing of farm animals on weeds usually in plantations such as rubber and oil palm. Animals like i cattle, sheep or goat are commonly used in this method.
Chemical method of weed control
This is the method that is used on a large scale. It makes use of chemicals in the control of weeds. These chemicals are known as herbicides. They are sprayed either on the leaves of weeds or applied to the soil. They are classified into:
(i) Selective herbicides: These are chemicals that can kill certain groups or species of plants. Example is 2, 4 -D (Dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid). They can be used in cereals, sugar cane and soya beans farms to reduce weeds.
Weed control methods
(i) Mowing: This method helps to prevent seed production in till of weeds. It removes all unsightly weed growth especially where weeds are too much for effective cultivation to take place. The method can be used to control weeds in lawns, plantation or fields. The mower is normally attached to a tractor or pulled by hand to move over the area to be cleared.
Weed control methods
(ii) Flooding: This is done by keeping the area to be weeded Hooded up to 20 cm of water for 3 to 8 weeks. This practice kill, the weeds because they can no longer receive air for respiration.
summary of Weed control methods
(iii) Heat treatment: Heal can be used in controlling weeds. For instance nursery soil is sterilized to kill all weed parts and seeds. Fire ran be used to burn dry weeds on cultivated land before cultivation starts.
(iv) Smothering with non-Living materials: Weeds can be Followed by the use of mulch materials such, as papers, hulls from rice, manure, plastic materials or cellophane. These materials help to exclude sunlight and prevent shoot growth. The weeds then become etiolated (lose chlorophyll) and die off.
(v) Cultural method: This involves the use of cultural practices of crop production to reduce the growth of weeds on the farm. Such cultural practices include
CULTURAL PRACTICES OF WEED CONTROL
i. Burning of farmland: This kills weed parts, seeds and fruits both in the soil and on the surface.
ii. Tillage: Tillage helps to expose weed parts for destruction by sun or herbicides. They can also be hand picked and destroyed.
iii. Early planting: This ensures that crops are well established before the weeds start growing.
iv. Good spacing: Proper spacing of crops helps in the reduction of weeds along the crop rows. It also makes it easy for weeding to he done.
v. Mixed cropping: Planting or two or more crops, together oil the same farmland can help to reduce the intensity of weeds on the farm
Biological method of weed control
This involves the use of living plants and animals to control weeds. They include:
(i) Use of suppressive plants: Crops that grow fast and large too can be used to overshadow weeds thereby reducing their growth, Also, cover crops such as melon and legumes like groundnut can be used to control weeds on the farm.
(ii) Use of insects: This involves the use of identified insect pests weeds in controlling weeds on the farm. Insects which have been found to feed on a particular weed can be multiplied and introduced to the area to feed and destroy such weed species.
Weed control methods
(iii) Pasturing: This involves the grazing of farm animals on weeds usually in plantations such as rubber and oil palm. Animals like i cattle, sheep or goat are commonly used in this method. Weed control methods
Chemical method of weed control
Weed control methods
This is the method that is used on a large scale. It makes use of chemicals in the control of weeds. These chemicals are known as herbicides. They are sprayed either on the leaves of weeds or applied to the soil. They are classified into: Weed control methods
(i) Selective herbicides: These are chemicals that can kill certain groups or species of plants. Example is 2, 4 -D (Dichlorophen-oxyacetic acid). They can be used in cereals, sugar cane and soya beans farms to reduce weeds.
Some common garden weeds
Common names Botanical names
1 Guinea grass Panicumm maximum
2 Elephant grass Pennisetum purpureun
3 Tridax Tridax prociimbem
4 Carpet grass Axonopus compressus
5 Goose grass or Africana Cynodon dactylon
6 Siam weed Eluesine indica
Weed control methods
7 African or bush marigold Chromoleana odorata
8 Pig weed Aspilia Africana
9 Goat weed or blue top Boerhavia diffusa
10 Water leaf Ageratum conyzoides
11 Soft weed Talinum triagulare
12 Wild green Erogratis tenella 13. Stubborn grass 14. Igbologi 15. “Ichtei” 16. Dolukegu 17. Ebeleogu 18. Okpalieziza-Ike
13 Tropical kudzu Amaranthus spinosus
14 Centro Calapogonium mucunoides
15 Blue flower or water grass Centrosema pubescens
16 Spear grass Commelina spp
17 Striga Imperata cylindrical
18 Wild potato or moring glory Striga senegalensis
19 Broom weed Ipomea spp
20 Emilia Sida acuta
21 Giant star grass Emilia sonchifolia
22 Stubborn grass Cynodon nlemfuensis
23 Sensitive plant Sporobolus pyramidalis
24 Bur weed Mimosa pudica
25 Acanthospermum hisidum
READ THE FULL LISTS OF WEEDS AND THEIR BOTANICAL NAMES HERE
1. Blue feather——————————–Commelina nudiflora
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2. BAHAMA GRASS—————–Cynodon dactylon
BUR WEED—————————–Triumfetta rhumboidea
CALAPO———————————Calapagonium mucunoides
CARPET GRASS———————-Axonopus compressors
to understand the effect of leaching and liming, read here
READ ABOUT POULTRY FARMING AND BIRDS HERE
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CELOCIA——————————–Celosia rotundus
CENTRO———————————–Centrocema pubescens
DESMODIUM—————————–Desmodium Spp
DODDER———————————-Cascuta americana
ELEPHANT GRASS———————-Pennisetum purpurium
EMILLIA———————————–Emillia sognifochia
you can read my post on bush fallowing here
here is my detailed article on the botanical names of crop
you can read more about weed control methods here
FOXTAIL GRASS————————–Setaria barbata
GOAT WEED———————————–Ageretum conyzoides
GUINEA GRASS—————————-Panacum maximum
GIANT STAR GRASS=============Cynodon plectostachyus
GUATEMALA GRASS————————Tripsaum laxum
GRAGOSTIC GRASS————————Gragrostic aspera
LEMON GRASS—————————Cymbopogon citratus
here is a post on propagation of crops here
here is a post on agricultural practice
MILK WEED——————————–Euophorbia hirta
MISLETOE————————————–LORANTHUS PENTAGONA
MONEY WEED——————————–accanthospernum hispidum
NORTHERN GAMBA GRASS——————-Andropogon gayanus
GLORIOSA PLANT————————-Gloriosa superba
PARA GRASS——————————–Pernicum barbinode
PANGOLA GRASS—————————Digitaria decumbens
PIG WEED———————————–Boerhavia diffusa
SOME OF THESE WEED ARE VERY USEFUL TO MAN. YOU CAN READ MORE HERE
read how weeds can be used as mulching materials
PUERO—————————————-Pueraria phaseoloides
RUBBER WEED—————————–Mimosa pudica
RHODES GRASS—————————–Chloris guyana
SOUTHERN GAMBA GRASS—————Andropogon tectorum
SUNHEMP————————————-Crotelaria juncea
SPEAR GRASS——————————–Imperata cylindrica
STYLO——————————————-Stylosanthes gracilis
SENSITIVE PLANT————————–Mimosa pudica
SEDGE PLANT—————————–Cyperus rotundatus
SIAM WEED——————————Chromolina oohum
STUBBORN GRASS———————-Sida acuta
GREEN-TETE-WITH THORNS————————Amaranthus spinosis
ou can read about the use of herbicide and its application here
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162. ECTO PARASITES
163. TICK
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