Farm survey and planning materials in detail, what is farm survey . uses of farm survey materials Farm survey and planning materials in detail. uses of farm survey materials.
MEANING OF FARM SURVEYING
Farm surveying is defined as the process of measuring and mapping before you continue check out these posts
- 1. pre planting operations
- post planting operations
- 500 names of weeds
- 300 botanical names of weed
- agricultural loans
- what tapeworm and how it affect farm animals
- types of parasite
- understanding types of soil before survey
MEANING OF FARM SURVEYING
Farm surveying is defined as the process of measuring and mapping out the position, topography, size and boundary of an area of farmland.
It can also be defined as the process by which measuring of land is made on the farm. Such measurements by tables, plans or layout are done for specific purposes.
IMPORTANCE OF FARM SURVEY AND PLANNING MATERIALS
Reasons why farm surveying is important include the following:
(1) Determination of size of farmland: Farm survey helps to determine the size or hectare of farmland.
(2) For feasibility studies: Farm survey is also important or useful 
for the preparation of feasibility studies.
(3) Proper use of farmland: Farm survey enables farmers to make proper use of the land. you can also read types of farming system
(4) Location of farm buildings: Farmers can determine where to site and locate certain buildings or structures in the farm.
(5) Planning of farmstead: Farm maps or soil maps are useful in planning the farmstead. here is my post on farm power and farm building
(6) For soil classification: Characteristics and features of the various soil units are used for soil classification. read classification of soil here
(7) Projection of yield:
The yield or productivity of farmland can be projected.
(8) For collateral security:
Results of farm survey can be used as collateral for securing loan from financial institutions.
(9) Acquisition of certificate of occupancy (C of O) read about the Nigerian land use act here: Farm survey facilities acquisition of certificate of occupancy (C of O).
(10) Determination of gradient of farmland: Farm survey also helps to determine the gradients of the farmland.
(11) Construction of roads: Road and others access ways can be constructed with the knowledge derived from surveying of the land.
FARM SURVEYING EQUIPMENT/INSTRUMENTS
Some common surveying equipment or instruments.
(1) Ranging pole
(2) Gunter’s chain
(3) Measuring tape
(4) Prismatic compass
(5) Theodolite
(6) Arrows or pin
(7) Offset staff
(8) Beacons or pillars.
Ranging pole for farm survey
Description
(i) Ranging pole is made of wood or metal
(ii) It is of varying lengths e.g 18m, 2.4m, or 3.0m
(iii) It is generally circular in section, though some octagonal types are obtainable.
(iv) It is usually painted black, bright, red and white to enable it to be seen from a distance.
(v) It has a pointed end.
Function/uses: 
(i) It is used for making stations
(ii) It is also used for making straight lines
Gunter’s chain implement for farm survey
Description
(i) It consists of a series of dumb bell-shaped links of steel wires joined together by three small rings
(ii) One Gunter’s chain is normally 20.13m (66ft) in length.
(iii) It has brass handles at either side.
(iv) It is divided into 100 links so that each link is 19.8cm or 7.92 ins.
(v) A link is the distance from the middle of the central ring to the middle of the next central ring.
(vi) The chain is entirely metallic.j
TYPES OF SURVEY
Deformation type of survey:
a survey to determine if a structure or object is changing shape or moving. First the positions of points on an object are found.
A period of time is allowed to pass and the positions are then re-measured and calculated. Then a comparison between the two sets of positions is made.
Dimensional control type of survey: This is a type of survey conducted in or on a non-level surface. Common in the oil and gas industry to replace old or damaged pipes on a like-for-like basis, the advantage of dimensional control survey is that the instrument used to conduct the survey does not need to be level. This is useful in the off-shore industry, as not all platforms are fixed and are thus subject to movement.
Engineering surveying: topographic, layout, and as-built surveys associated with engineering design. They often need geodetic computations beyond normal civil engineering practice.
Foundation type of survey
survey: a survey done to collect the positional data on a foundation that has been poured and is cured. This is done to ensure that the foundation was constructed in the location, and at the elevation, authorized in the plot plan, site plan, or subdivision plan.
this few types of survey was just sighted to give you a little insight on the different types of land survey. you can also follow these links for information
- wikipedia.org
- https://study.com
- GRAZING AND OVER GRAZING
Precautions to be taken when chaining a farchain during surveying .
(i) Pull taut chains, tapes or ropes
(ii) Avoid errors of transporting figures on papers
(iii) Equipment such as theodolite should be placed on a perfect horizontal plane.
(iv) All chains, tapes, ropes, etc must be properly allligned before taking measurement.
(v) Avoid error of parallax when reading measurements.
(vi) Make sure the chain is not faulty before use.
Function/use
Measuring tape for farm survey, description and uses
Description
(i) It is usually made of linen of fine steel sheet.
(ii) It is usually marked on one side with metric units and the other side with the imperial unit.
(iii) The tape is of various types and lengths.
(iv) The tape is normally wound in a small case from where it is unwound for use.
Function/use
It is used for taking measurement of length, breadth and height.
Prismic compass used for farm survey, uses and description
Description
(i) It is normally placed on a stand
(ii) It has a prism
(iii) It has a compass card marked in degrees, half degrees, minutes and seconds in a clockwise direction.
(iv) It has a straight slot.
Functions/uses
It is used in taking bearings; it is also used in measuring angular distance.
Theodelite farm survey materials, uses and descriptions
(i) It consists of a tripod stand made of wood of lightweight metal solid or telescopic legs.
(ii) The tripod stand forms the base of the instrument
(iii) It has a lower plate which contains the graduated horizontal circle made of glass or brass
(iv) It has a spirit level which is used to define horizontal plain against which angles of the elevation or depression are measured
Function/use: It is used to measure horizontal or vertical angles or planes.
Arrow or pin
Description
(i) This is thin pointed steel wire of about 3cm long with one end curved into a ring
(ii) A red cloth is normally attached to the ring so that it can be seen from afar.
Functions/uses
(i) It is used during chaining for marking off chain lengths as measured
(ii) It can also be used for marking stations
Offset Staff
Description
(i) This is a graduated rod-3m long
(ii) A hook may be fitted at the top for the purpose of pulling a chain through a hedge
(iii) Each telescope link is 0.3m (30cm) in length
Function/Use
(i) It is used for taking short offset m
Description
(i) It is made of rectangular block usually in concrete form
(ii) Marks are usually inscribed on top of the block
(iii) The beacons are always buried in the ground with marked head raised a little above the ground
Function/Uses
(i) It is used for making off points measured
(ii) It is also used for the recognition of the measured
- General Maintenance of Farm Surveying Instruments
(i) All instruments must be clean after use.
(ii) Keep instruments in dry and cool places
(iii) Those with metals parts should be oiled or greased or painted before they are put away for a long time
(iv) Keep instruments away from heat and rain to prevent damage and rusting respectively.
(v) Replace worn-out parts
(vi) Use instruments only for the intended functions
(vii) Let competent surveyor hand and use the instruments only or as he may direct.
MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF FARM PLANNING
(i) It enables the farmer to make proper use of the land
(ii) It also ensures the proper sitting of certain buildings or structures in certain locations within the farmstead
(iii) It ensures the location of livestock buildings in relation to other farm buildings
(iv) It promotes the neatness and prevents pollution within the farmstead
- public enterprises
limited liability companies
WEED AND THEIR BOTANICAL NAMES
1. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
2. DISEASES
3. 52. SOIL MICRO-ORGANISMS
4. ORGANIC MANURING
5. FARM YARD MANURE
6. HUMUGRAZING AND OVER GRAZING
10. IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGES
7. COMPOST
8. CROP ROTATION
9.
11. IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
12. ORGANIC MANURING
13. FARM YARD MANURE
14. HUMUS
15. COMPOST
16. CROP ROTATION
