ECOLOGICAL FACTORS COMMON TO AQUATIC HABITATS1

FACTORS AFFECTING AQUATIC HABITATS

The following are the factors affecting aquatic habitat
TURGIDITY
1.Turgidity, salinity, dissolved gases, density, current, tidal movements and waves temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind ,pressure
2. SALINITY: salinity is defined as the degree of saltiness or concentration of salt solution in water. Salinity is low in fresh water, high in sea water and moderate ion brackish water
Aquatic organisms need to maintain the osmotic balance between their body fluid and their

aquatic fluid in order to survive. For example, organisms living in salt water will require some adaptive features to enable them get rid of some excessive water that enters their body while those in sea water equally have adaptations to enable them cope with excess water in their body
3.

TURGIDITY/TRANSPARENCY:

turgidity is caused as a result of suspended materials in water. Clear water has low turgidity. Turgidity is also influence by season. Turgidity is higher in the rainy season. Turgidity reduces light penetration into water, resulting in the inability of aquatic green plants to carry out photosynthesis. Turgidity also causes pollution

DISSOLVED GASES:

dissolved gases in this case refer to oxygen and carbon dioxide. The oxygen concentration of water decreases with depth. Oxygen is required by most aquatic organisms for respiration. It is also required for the decaying of organic materials or substances.. carbon dioxide is required as raw material for photosynthesis

4.
5.

DENSITY:

density of water varies the type of aquatic habitat. While the density of pure fresh water is 1.00, that of sea water is 1.028 at atmospheric pressure and at 0C. organisms like fishes have streamlined bodies which enable them to move through water easily while other organisms which float on the surface of the water are sensitive to changes in density
6.

CURRENTS:

water current increase aeration and turgidity of the water. It also affects the distribution of aquatic organisms. The type of organism found in an aquatic habitat is affected by the speed of current. For example, animals living in fast moving waters have structure that enables them to attach themselves to rock surfaces to avoid being swept away

TIDAL MOVEMENTS AND WAVES:

tidal movement and waves affects organisms in aquatic habitat. Most organisms in certain level of the water attach themselves to substances or they may even live in borrow. Some may possess hard body cover to prevent evaporation of water from their body. In the open sea, wave cause the aeration of the surface water, enabling aquatic organisms to have sufficient supply of dissolved gases for their respiration

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