CONCEPTS OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT COSTS. These costs include direct cash paid for transportation, salaries, raw materials, advertisement, etc.
Explicit costs
are payment that are made for resources purchased from outside. In other words, it refers to all payments made directly for the materials used during the course of production.
These costs include direct cash paid for transportation, salaries, raw materials, advertisement, etc.
Implicit cost:
Implicit costs refer to the costs of the resources supplied by the owners e.g. owners of managerial skills, financial resources and owner- occupied buildings.
That is, implicit cost refers to the cost wt of the firm directly incurs on production, e.g. the investor’s salary, profit and other personal expenses.
As a of the involvement of some opportunity elements, these cost are usually classified as implicit.
- loans for businesses
- how to establish enterprises
- what is a firm
- price equilibrium
- scale of preference
- concept of economics
- economic tools for nation building
- budgeting
- factors affecting the expansion of industries
- mineral resources and the mining industries
60. DISEASES AND PESTS OF CROPS
61. MAIZE SMUT
62. RICE BLAST
63. MAIZE RUST
64. LEAF SPOT OF GROUNDNUT
65. COW-PEA MOSAIC
66. COCOA BLACK POD DISEASE
