Classification of crops according to various criteria listed on this post.
Classify Crops according to: (i) Economic uses (ii) The life cycle (iii) Tillage and cultivation practices (iv) Number of
cotyledons.
YOU CAN CHECK OUT MOST OF OUR RELATED ARTICLES IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS POST
- Explain the meaning of the terms, annuals, biennials, perennials, arable and non-arable crops
- List the geographical distribution of crops in Nigeria
- List the factors responsible for the pattern of crop distribution 5. State the uses of crop and their by-product
CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS ACCORDING TO USES
list of fruit crop
The Food Crops are plants grown primarily for the harvesting of any part which is used by people as food or processed into food products.
The Non-food Crops are mainly cash crops. These are plants grown for the production of non-food products such as fibre, fodder, alcohol and tobacco
The Staple Crops are food crops. These are regularly consumed in a traditional diet and from which people obtain a major proportion of their energy and nutrient requirements.
![\"classification](\"https://fabioclass.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Screenshot_20210518-095445-e1652658747114.png\")
Examples of other staple crops: wheat and millet.
The Cereal or Grain Crops are mainly annual, herbaceous plants belonging to the grass family which are grown for their seeds or grains. Examples: corn, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat.
Agriculture, farming, agricultural products and crops classification, cultural practices in agriculture
what is a crop?
- According to economic uses
- According to the life cycle
- According to cultivation or tillage practices
YOU CAN CHECK OUT THIS ARTICLE ON WEED CONTROL METHOD
CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC USES. READ HERE
CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Crops in this category are classified or grouped according to the main food substances existing in them. They are as follows.
(i) Legumes
(ii) cereal
(iii) roots and tubers
(iv) vegetables
(v) fruits
(vi) beverages
(vii) oil
(viii) Latex
(ix) Fibres
(x) Spices
(xi) Drugs
xii) Forage Crops
(xiii) Nuts
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND UNDERSTANDING BASIC AGRICULTURE AND FARMING FOR SCHOOLS
Agriculture, farming, agricultural products and crops classification, cultural practices in agricultural science
Legumes are crops that have nodules or swellings in their roots. They are capable of converting the Nitrogen of the air into plant/crop food. Such crops are very rich in protein. Examples of legumes are, soya beans, cowpea,
Classification of Cereal crops: these are crops that are grown because of their seeds which is used as food by man. Such crops are very rich in carbohydrates. Examples of Cereal Crops are Rice, Maize, Guinea corn (sorghum), Millet and Wheat.
Classification of Roots and Tubers crops: these are crops that store food in their roots. They are very rich in carbohydrates. They form the staple food for most people in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa.
Examples are Cassava, potato, yam and Carrot.
Classification of Vegetable crops
These are crops whose leaves and fruits are used as vegetables
in foods. Such crops are rich in vitamins needed by the body. Examples are tomato, onion, fluted pumpkin, okra, lettuce, cabbage and green vegetable.
Classification of Fruit crops
these are crops that are grown for their fruits which supply vitamin and sugars to the body. Examples are mango, pineapple, orange, pawpaw, banana, cashew etc
READ MY ARTICLE ON BOTANICAL NAMES OF CROPS HERE
Classification of Beverage crops
A beverage crop is one that produces a potable beverage other than water. It can also include crops that produce starch (all cereals) or sugar (sugarcane, sugar beet), which can be used for making a drink or a beverage.
The beverage is a potable drink other than water. The word beverage was COINED from the old French word boivre or ‘boire’ which means a drink.
There are two types of beverages: non-alcoholic and alcoholic. Common non-alcoholic beverages include coffee, tea, milk, coke, sodas, etc.
Alcoholic beverages include beers, wine, whiskey, and other hard drinks.
The common non-alcoholic beverage crops are coffee, tea, sugarcane, sugar beet, coconut, lemon grass, etc.
CHECK OUT MY POST ON TILLAGE SYSTEMS HERE
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND UNDERSTANDING BASIC AGRICULTURE AND FARMING FOR SCHOOLS
Agriculture, farming, agricultural products and crops classification, cultural practices in agricultural science
Classification of Latex crops:
this type crop produces milky sap or fluid called latex. Example is Rubber
Classification of Fibre crops: these are crops that are used in making ropes, rugs, threads and other textile materials. Examples are cotton, jute, kenaf and sisal.• Cotton
• Malvaceae
• Gossypium spp.
- Sea-Island cotton,
• Egyptian cotton
• Gossypium barbadense
Upland cotton,
• bulak,
• gapas, algodon
Tree cotton
Levant cotton
• Bast Fibers
• Flax Linaceae
• Hemp, marijuana
• Jute Malvaceae
• Ramie
• Sunn hemp
• Kenaf
• China Jute, Indian Mallow
• Roselle, Rama
• Aramina,
• Cadillo,
• Calut-calutan
• Abaca, Manila Hemp
• Agaves
• Mauritius Hemp, green aloe,
• New Zealand Flax, Bowstring hemp
• Bowstring Hemp
• S. thyrsiflora
• S. zelanica
• Coconut
• Pineapple
• Floja
• Caro
for a comprehensive review and details of fibre crops please go here
Classification of Spice crops: these are crops that are used to flavour food. Examples are ginger, onion thyme and pepper.
Classification of Drug and stimulant crops: these are crops that produce substances or materials used for chemical purposes. Examples are the coca plant, kola, lime, Indian hemp and dongoyaro.
Forage crops: these are crops grown for feeding farm animals. Forage crops include Guinea grass, Elephant grass, Gamba grass centrocima and calopogonium.
a gorilla13. Classification of Ornamental crops: these are crops which are grown for their aesthetic values.
They help to protect building against wind damage. They are also used for environmental beautification.
Example are Hibiscus, carpet grass etc.
DESCRIPTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS The descriptive classification of crops is based on five criterions: a) Mode of Reproduction, b) Mode of Pollination, c) Life Span, d) Growth Habit and e) Leaf Retention.
The method adopted according to the Mode of Reproduction has classified the crops into two major divisions as sexual and asexual reproducing plants.
The
The sexual category of plants is developed from a seed or spore after undergoing a union of male and female gametes. Typical examples include palms and ferns.
The Asexual category of plants undergoes reproduction by any vegetative means without the union of the sexual gametes or by apomixis.
CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS ACCORDING TO THEIR LIFE CYCLE
According to Life Span, crops are classified into annual, biennial and perennial categories.
The Annuals are plants which live within a short period of time, for a few weeks or months, perpetuated by seed, and which die soon after producing seeds
Examples include rice, corn, cowpea, etc. The Biennials are plants which require two growing seasons to complete their life cycle,
the first for vegetative growth and accumulation of food reserves, and the second for the production of reproductive parts. Examples include onion, cabbage, carrot, celery,
The Perennials include a plant that lives indefinitely, including all trees and shrubs and many herbaceous plants with underground stems (e.g. corm, rhizome, tuber) like banana and clump-forming grasses.
The Perennial plants continue growing and produce seeds year after year, either from a single plant or, in herbaceous plants, from succeeding regrowth. Based on Growth Habits crops are classified into Herbs, Vines, Lianas, Shrubs and Tree
On the bases of the life cycle, crops are grouped into three sets.
These are:
(a) Annual Crops
(b) Biennial Crops
(c) Perennial Crops
YOU CAN ALSO READ ABOUT THE CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS IN THIS POST
Annual Crops:
These are crops that complete their life cycle in one year or planting season. The crops are planted, grow and harvested or will die within one year. This group of crops are Maize, Rice, Millet, Yam, Tomato, Millet and Guinea Corn
(b)
Biennial Crops:
these are crops that complete their life cycle in two years. They use the first year to grow and store food. Reproduction and maturity take place in the second year. Examples are pineapple, cocoyam, plantain, banana and sugar beet.
Perennial Crops:
this group of crops takes more than two years to their life cycle. They are mainly tree crops. They include Rubber, Cocoa, Oil Palm and Orange.
- CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS BASED ON THEIR TILLAGE PRACTICES
TILLAGE OR CULTIVATION PRACTICES HERE
On the bases of tillage practices, crops are classified into:
(a) arable crops
(b) Non-arable crops
Arable crops:
these sets of crops are also called food crops. Most of them are planted and harvested within one year. The cultivation of arable crops in most cases involves total tillage of the soil before planting.
The crops include maize, rice, millet, cassava and guinea corn
(b)
Non-arable crop:
these sets of crops most often do not require total tillage of the ground except the very spot where the plant will be established. They are orange, guava, oil palm, cashew, cocoa, etc. they are often called cash crops.
Classification of crops according to the number of seed-leaf or cotyledon Crops can be classified according to the number of seed leaf or cotyledon.
They are
(a) Monocotyledonous crops
(b) Dicotyledonous crops and Monocotyledonous crops:
these are crops that have only one seed leaf or cotyledon. Examples are millet, rice, maize and oil palm.
(b)
Classification of Dicotyledonous crops:
these are crops that have two seed leaves or cotyledon. Examples are cow-pea, melon, mango, pumpkin and soya beans.
Swamp rice can also be grown in the area.
- Rainforest This occurs in the Southern part of Nigeria lying above the mangrove and freshwater Swamp Forest. The annual rainfall of this one is about 150 cm to 200 cm.
This region consists of tall woody trees and strong undergrowth. Examples of trees found here include iroko, obeche, opepe, mahogany, afara, etc.
There is a high degree of farming activity in this region. Crops commonly grown are yam, coco yam, cassava, maize, rice, plantain, Cocoa, rubber, oil palm, kola, mango, citrus, etc.
Animals include dwarf goats, sheep, pigs, cattle and poultry. Fish ponds are also kept. Guinea savanna This zone is cutting deep into the rainforest due to continued cultivation.
Such areas are now referred to as derived savanna. The Guinea Savanna area is made up of tall strong grasses Interspersed with trees of moderate heights. Annual rainfall is about 100cm to 150cm.
This zone is the largest vegetation zone in Nigeria. It is an area of intensive agricultural activity. Crops grown include all cereals, legumes such as cowpeas and groundnuts, cotton, yam,
cassava and potatoes Livestock include
cattle, goat,
sheep,
poultry and others.
Sudan savanna This zone is covered with more grasses and short scattered trees and has an annual rainfall of 50 cm to 75 cm. Agricultural activity in this area centres mainly on cattle, sheep and goat rearing.
Poultry is also kept while donkeys, camels and horses are equally reared.
HERE IS MY POST ON FORESTRY AND RESERVES
Crops grown are mainly sugar cane, millet and sorghum.
Vegetables particularly carrots and tomatoes pepper and tomato market
are grown along river beds, streams and in areas with irrigation facilities.
Sahel savanna This occupies the extreme northeast of Nigeria with an annual rainfall of about 15 cm to 50 cm.
It is characterized by feathery grasses and highly scattered spiny shrubs (thorn bushes).
Animals are mostly reared here during the rainy season while drought\’ resistant crops like dwarf sorghum and millet are cultivated.r
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF CROPS
WATER
SUN SHINE
TYPE OF SOIL AND
ACTION OF MAN
Crops and their by-products are used in the following ways:
Planks from timber are used for making shelters.
Clothing: son many of the clothing materials are made from crop materials such as cotton
Used for feeding farm animals
For the control of erosion such as planting cover crops
For making books and papers
For making furniture
Used for the production of medicine or drugs
Some crop serves as beverage
Some dead crop materials are used as fuel
Used for making compost manure
Some are used in industries for the production of gums, rubber wares and perfume
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND UNDERSTANDING BASIC AGRICULTURE AND FARMING FOR SCHOOLS
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