ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FARM ANIMALS

MEANING OF ANATOMY AND PHYSICOLOGY

Anatomy refers to the form and structure of the body while physiology refers to the functions of the forms and parts of the body. It is very important for the farmer to understand the anatomy and physiology of farm animals because it will enable him to know more about the nutrition, reproduction and management of his animals.
MAJOR PARTS OR DIVISIONS OF FARM ANIMALS
The body of farm animals is divided into four major groups: these are
(i) Head
(ii) Thoracic cavity

(iii) Abdominal cavity
(iv) The limbs

(i) Head: The head is the upper part of the body. The major organs found in the head region include the brain, eyes, ear, tongue and nose
(ii) Thoracic cavity: the thoracic cavity refers to the chest region of the body. The major organs in the thoracic cavity include heart, lungs and treachea.
(iii) Abdominal cavity: The abdominal cavity refers to the stomach region of the body. The major organs in the abdominal cavity include liver, uterus, stomach, oviduct or fallopian tube, kidney, ovary, spleen, intestine, gall bladder and pancreas.

(iv) Limbs: The limbs(details) include the fore limbs (hands) and hind limbs (legs). They are used by farm animals for walking.
Some of the systems which maintain the body are: (i)digestive system (ii)circulatory system (iii)respiratory system (iv)nervous system (d)reproductive system

66. CHEMICAL WEATHERING
67. PRESSURE
68. WATER
73. BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING
75. SOIL WATER
80. SANDY SOIL CLAY SOIL LOAMY SOIL
83. SOIL TEXTURE
85. RETENTION OF WATER BY VARIOUS SOIL TYPES
soil improvement techniques

166. THE CONCEPT OF MECHANIZATION