advantages and disadvantages of commercial agriculture. importance of commercial agriculture. Definition: commercial agriculture is defined as the type of agriculture which is concerned with the production of food, animals and cash crops in large quantities for sole purpose of sales and export.
characteristics of commercial agriculture
The major characteristics of commercial agriculture are outlines as follows
Sole cropping system of agriculture is usually practiced
Commercial agric involves the cultivation of large hectares of land
Commercial farming involves huge capital investment or money
It involves the use hired labour
Most operations of commercial agriculture involves agricultural mechanization
Commercial farming employs the use of skilled labour
Output is usually very high
Only rich farmers are engaged in commercial agriculture
Improved varieties of crops and animals are used
Irrigation system may be practice where necessary
Because of high capital investment, records of daily activities are kept for the purpose of balancing profit chart
In commercial agriculture, the use of agro-chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides are often used.
advantages of commercial agriculture
commercial farming has so many advantages which includes the following
Commercial agriculture increases yield: an added advantage of commercial growing of crops owing to the fact that a large area of land is cultivated, couple with the use of fertilizers and chemicals, these increase yield of crops and animals
Specialization of labour: commercial agriculture does lead to specialization of labour because all operation are mechanized
Encouragement of research work: commercial farming encourages research works into marketing and production
Provision of cheap products: as a result of mass production of livestock or crops, the sale prices of these products are usually very low and affordable
Provision of quality products: most products obtained from this type of farming are generally very high in quality
disadvantages of commercial agriculture
The problem or disadvantages usually associated commercial are as follows
Inadequate supply of improved varieties of crops and animal is a major disadvantage of commercial agriculture, this simply to say, there is inadequate supply of improved varieties of crops and some breeds of animals
Unfavourable land tenure system: unfavourable land tenure system in some part of the world does not allow the practice of commercial agriculture. it simply means that land tenure system is a problem to commercial farming as it reduces the availability land to commercial farmers
High capital investment: high cost of most agricultural machinery makes commercial agriculture very difficult to be engaged in
Inadequate marketing channels: marketing channels for agricultural products are grossly inadequate in most developing countries
Inadequate technical know-how: inadequate technical know-how on the proper maintenance and usage of farm machinery makes commercial agriculture very difficult
High cost of spare parts: spare parts of farm machines such as tractors, harvesters, etc. Are very expensive to purchase
Inadequate processing facilities: processing facilities for agricultural products from farms are grossly inadequate
Inadequate skilled manpower: the skilled manpower needed to operate commercial agriculture is also in short supply or invariably not enough
Inadequate credit facilities: Commercial agriculture cannot strive very well as a result of inadequate credit facility or subsidies available to farmers
Inadequate storage and processing facilities: processing facilities are grossly inadequate in most developing countries of the world
Improved application of farm inputs: inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides used for commercial farming could pose health hazard to man and the entire environment if not properly applied
Displacement of scale farmers: the practice of commercial agriculture could to the displacement of subsistence agricultural farmers from their land
Unfavourable government policies: unfavourable government policies directly or indirectly makes the practice of commercial agriculture very difficult in most cases which may the result of TAX or direct CREDIT laws
Commercial agriculture can led to soil erosion: the practice of commercial agriculture can lead to soil erosion due to the use of heavy machines.
Conclusion on the importance of commercial agriculture
Commercial or mechanized farming is very important to the development and growth of the economy of any nation as it serves as a means for foreign exchange.
Another importance of commercial agric farming is that it provides employment for the teaming population of any country.
When we talk about commercial agriculture this is the form of Agriculture that provides solid employment for youth
it is also the backbone of any nation that wants to grow its economy in the sense that commercial farming helps to boost the export capacity of any economy
commercial agricultural science involved in plantation farming such as pineapple cocoa rubber tree coconut you can read details of the importance of agriculture here
You can also read my article on subsistence agriculture here.
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the advantages and disadvantages of commercial agriculture are outlines in this article for schools and colleges
THE IMPORTANCE OF WORD STRESS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
STRESS
What is Stress?
Stress can be defined as the degree of breath force with which a syllable or a word is pronounced in English. Stress is indicated in language analysis by placing a short vertical stroke before the syllable. While primary stress is indicated with a sub stroke.
Word stress is crucial to properly pronounce words in the English language. It means, that in multisyllabic words, some syllables are spoken with greater emphasis than others.
If you get word stress wrong, it might be difficult to understand you, as there are several words which sound similar and can only be distinguished by word stress (in spoken language).
1. WORD STRESS
Word stress is crucial to properly pronounce words in the English language. It means, that in multisyllabic words, some syllables are spoken with greater emphasis than others.
If you get word stress wrong, it might be difficult to understand you, as there are several words which sound similar and can only be distinguished by word stress (in spoken language).
Stress can be realised at three levels namely; word stress, sentence stress, emphatic stress or constructive stress.
1. WORD STRESS
Word stress can also be know as primary stress. Primary stress is placed on the most prominent syllable of a word. Most word bear the primary stress on the first syllable. Under primary stress we have polysyllabic word which means words with many syllables often have both primary and secondary stress.
The following are example of both primary and secondary stress placements in English.
• Two syllable words are Brother, Breakfast, Invite, England, Idea.
• Three syllable words are Carpenter, Yesterday, Important, Entertain, Solution.
• Four syllable words are Supervisor, Polytechnic, Educated, Executive, Helicopter.
• Five syllable words are Pronunciation, Credibility, Principality, Capitalism, Consideration.
2. SENTENCE STRESS
Generally speaking, except for obvious grammatical or semantic reason, function words such as article, prepositions, auxiliary verbs, pronoun and conjunctions are not normally stressed. Lexical words are such as nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives and demonstrative almost always contain a stressed syllable. The above rule is by no means absolute; for instance most pronouns and operator auxiliaries at the beginning of a sentence are stressed.
EXAMPLES
• We are all Nigerians
• Everyone loves football
• Ibrahim will marry Ndidi
3. EMPHATIC STRESS
This is also referred to as the tonic or nuclear or contrastive stress. A speaker’s message consists of information units. Depending on the content and the intended meaning, any word in the sentence can be made the focus of information. The word therefore becomes the most important element that that the speaker wishes to emphasize.
EXAMPLES
• I pushed her into the room
• I PUSHED her into the room
• I pushed HER into the room
• I pushed her into the ROOM
Word stress is crucial to properly pronounce words in the English language. It means, that in multisyllabic words, some syllables are spoken with greater emphasis than others.
